Features planting tomatoes in polycarbonate greenhouses

The technique of growing tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse is not without reason very popular in various regions of our country, because it allows you to get fresh fruit almost all year round.

At the same time, this method has its own characteristics, rules and conditions, without the knowledge of which it is difficult to get a good harvest. In the proposed article we will talk about the methods and time of planting tomatoes; You will learn about the proper care of plantings and possible errors in the cultivation of this vegetable.

Peculiarities of growing tomatoes in greenhouses

When choosing tomatoes for greenhouses, many factors should be taken into account: yield, fruiting period, size, disease resistance, tall or short growing variety. You also need to consider some factors of growing tomatoes:

• Air temperaturewhich should be 22 - 24 degrees.
• Watering. Seedlings do not water 2-3 days before planting. The bushes in the greenhouse are watered at intervals of 3-4 days.
• Fertilizer. Usually use 20 g of nitroammofoski containing N16P16K16. They are mixed with the ground so that the roots are not in contact with the fertilizer. 20 g dissolved in 10 liters of water and watered about 10 bushes.
• Pollination. To pollen came to the pestle, you just need to shake the bushes in dry sunny weather. When the greenhouse is ventilated, insects fly in to help pollinate it.
• The soil. It is necessary to remove the top layer of soil before planting tomatoes, as there are many pathogenic bacteria there. To disinfect the soil, 1 tablespoon of copper sulfate is dissolved in 10 liters of water and the beds are shed. Adding peat, sawdust, humus per bucket per 1 square meter will be useful. You can also use wood ash.

Terms of planting tomatoes for the Urals, Siberia and Central Russia

Planting tomatoes in the greenhouse is necessary when the soil temperature is above 15 degrees. Typically, this temperature is set in late April - early May. Otherwise, if the ground is too cold, seedlings will not develop.

No heating

In the Urals and Siberia, tomatoes ripen late. In unheated greenhouses, seeds are sown on April 20th.

With heating

In a heated greenhouse, the planting of seedlings of tall tomatoes can be started from the end of February to 10 of March. Early and middle varieties have the same terms. Ultra early tomatoes, including cherry, are planted in early April.

Which varieties are better to choose?

There are early ripening, mid-ripening and late ripening varieties. Any suitable for greenhouses. The main thing is that all of them are self-pollinated and adapted for closed ground.

Often in such greenhouses is not very good air circulation, and it is often possible to find empty flowers.

For planting in greenhouses are often used:

• Determinant types of tomatoeswhose height is about 80-150 cm. With proper care after 6-8 ovaries, the tomatoes give all their strength to form fruits on the bushes. For example, Rocket, White Bulk, Nevsky or Demidov.
• Indeterminant speciesthat grow throughout the growing season. Constantly appear new ovaries, flowers and fruits. For example, Cherokee, Miracle of the Earth, Star Gold or the Necessary Size.

Reference. Seeds can be checked for hollowness. They are placed in a 5% solution of sodium chloride and stirred well for 10 minutes. Empty will remain to float on the surface, the rest will settle to the bottom.

Below you can watch a video about the most suitable varieties of tomatoes for the greenhouse:

How many bushes can be planted, at what distance and how to do it correctly?

1. Polycarbonate greenhouse should be well lit so that the plants do not stretch.
2. Well, if there is a drip irrigation system with warm water. It is possible to install a tank in the greenhouse in which water will heat up and settle.
3. Ventilation required.
4. Insulate the soil with hay or straw to avoid the return of frost.
5. Make the hole depth of 20 cm through a distance of 30-50cm.
6. Pour into every 1-2 liters of water.
7. Lay the seedlings in the wells, early varieties, 2 pieces each, later ones one by one.
8. Cover the hole with soil and compact the soil.
9. Cut leaves that touch the ground.

Despite the fact that there are more comfortable conditions in the greenhouse, it is necessary to harden the tomatoes before planting, bringing them outside, gradually increasing the time.

Vegetable growing schemes in greenhouses of various sizes

3x4

For 3x4 greenhouses, a two-line or three-line tomato planting scheme is used.. Low-growing varieties are planted, as a rule, on a two-line diagram.

In a 3x4 greenhouse, you can place 132 or 78 bushes, depending on whether you planted one or a couple of pieces in one hole.

Mid-season and hybrid varieties are planted in two rows on a bed. It turns out about 24 bushes. High varieties are planted in two rows in a staggered manner. In such a greenhouse will be comfortable 20 bushes.

3x6

In a greenhouse with a layout of 3 by 6 meters, a two-line or three-line tomato planting scheme is used. A comfortable amount here will be 200 bushes, if planted 2 pieces in one hole, or 120 - when planting each bush separately.

How many tomatoes can be planted in a 3 by 6 greenhouse? Srednerosly tomatoes get 40 bushes. High varieties - 32 shrubs.

3x8

Between plants usually make the interval width of 30-50 cmso, if you plant 3 rows of 2 bushes in each well, then 264 pieces will be released. In case each plant has its own hole, they will make 162 pieces.

Sredneroslye species are planted in 2 rows with an interval of 50cm. Thus, there will be 52 tomato bushes. Tall varieties are planted in 2 rows in a staggered manner at a distance of 70 cm from each other. Get 44 bush. It is better to plant tomatoes-trees at a distance of 1 meter between plants. They will be 18 in two lines.

Technology

Double row

Suitable for standard and determinant types of tomatoesthat land in rows. The distance between plants is from 25 to 40 cm.

Chess

The distance is about 60 cm between bushes, and 80 cm between rows. For determinant types of tomatoes, this scheme is also suitable. Then between the holes measure out 50 cm in the presence of three stems, and 30 cm - for bushes with one stem.

Proper care

To make tomatoes happy with their yield, they need to create suitable conditions:

1. Air temperature - from 22 to 24 degrees.
2. Ventilation.
3. Humidity -70%.
4. It is necessary to feed plants monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate together with watering once a week.
5. Disinfect the soil before planting.
6. If pollinating is necessary, shake bushes during flowering or attract bees, wasps and bumblebees with sweet kvass and compotes.

Then you can watch the video, which describes in detail how to organize care for tomatoes in the greenhouse:

Common Errors

• Invalid seed selection. For large volumes of planting fit hybrid varieties. They are less sick, and they have higher yields.
• Wrong landing place. For example, street varieties are planted in a greenhouse, and greenhouse varieties in open ground.
• Thick plastic film for greenhouses.
• Hour light and high air temperature.
• Daily watering and falling water on the leaves.
• Lateness with staving, when the height of the shoots is already more than 4 cm. It is better to graze in the morning and when the shoots are still small.
• Manure fertilizer. As a result, plants form powerful shoots and large leaves to the detriment of fruits.
• Refusal to prevent disease.
• Preparation of seeds of hybrids for further cultivation.

For good growth and development, the lighting period should be at least 12 hours a day. To do this, greenhouses are often used in greenhouses.

Watch the video: Garden Grow Aluminium Greenhouse Range (December 2024).