One of the most popular plants in the modern world is the "queen of flowers" - the rose. Archaeological finds indicate that even in the V century BC. er her image began to embody in household items, art. For many centuries of breeding, hybridization, crossing and natural selection, many groups and varieties of roses have been formed, which are combined according to different characteristics.
Did you know? For the first time, people began to grow roses in ancient Rome, in the literature of that time there are descriptions of about 10 species. After the collapse of the Empire, rose growing turned into monasteries.
The difficulties of classifying roses, a little history
Today there are about 30 thousand varieties, and it is quite difficult to classify them, because it is necessary to take into account the origin, appearance, flowering, and the nature of care. Because of this, various kinds of classification of roses arose, which were based only on one of the characteristics. If we take into account the greater number of them, the classification scheme becomes too confusing and difficult to use. In addition, there are new varieties that do not fit into the existing schemes, and come up with new groups.
Up until 1966, the classification of such plants as once again changed. So far, at the XIV Congress of the International Society of Gardeners (Professionals), it was not decided to create a single modern classification. Already in 1971, a project was created in which not only the origin of the variety, but also the decorative and biological characteristics were taken into account. The new classification was approved by the society in 1976. Sometimes adjustments and additions are made, but there are no fundamental changes. This classification was officially recognized in most countries and divides all varieties into wild, the old garden and modern garden roses.
Important! The most accurate and complete source of information about classes, types and varieties of roses is considered to be the worldwide periodical "Modern Roses", which is regularly updated with new varieties.
Wild roses
Wild roses, also called species roses, are the ancestors of all present roses - these are roses that grow in nature. May have both small and large thorns and bright aroma. Bloom once a year, usually in June. They are often used in gardening as hedges, as they are not whimsical, frost-resistant and not inferior to the garden in external parameters. Subdivided into climbing and non-fleeting. Further, according to the classification, there is a division into species, then forms, and, finally, varieties. Climbing roses are deciduous, evergreen and semi-evergreen.
Consider some species of roses in more detail.
- Rose spiny. Reaches from 1.5 to 2 m in height. Thorns of various sizes thickly cover the stems. Flowers solitary, white, sometimes with a pink or yellow shade. Fruits are round, black.
- Dog rose (ordinary). It grows up to 3 m. Thorns are large, small. Stems curved long arc. Flowers of various shades of white and red. Fruits are red, spherical.
- Rosa Maksimovic. It has long shoots, curved arc. White flowers with a strong aroma. Fruits are rounded saturated red.
- Wrinkled rose This shrub can reach 2 m in height. It has upright green branches. Thorns growing dense, of different sizes. Flowers are often red, sometimes white. Fruits are bright red in color.
Old garden roses - fashion returns
Old garden roses are also called park roses.
Important! These include roses that were cultivated until 1867 (until the first hybrid tea rose).They have a more complex hybrid origin than wild roses, and the appearance of wild rose is lost. Today, the fashion for old roses is experiencing its dawn. Now often in the catalogs, in addition to other information about the grade, they also indicate the year of its creation in order to raise the price. The drawbacks of old garden roses are their bulkiness, poor or insufficient frost resistance, susceptibility to fungi. But they are incredibly beautiful during the flowering period. They have numerous petals of pastel shades, often pink. These include the following classes of roses.
- Alba Known since the 14th century, it became especially popular at the end of the 18th century. Bushes straight, reach up to 2 m in height. The leaves are smooth, grayish. The flowers are white or with a pink shade up to 8 cm. They grow in buds of 3-5 pieces. Blossom once.
- Ayrshire roses. Appeared in the early nineteenth century. These are climbing plants with long and strong shoots. The flowers are white or pink, small (from 2.5 cm to 5 cm). Grow alone or in inflorescences (maximum of 6 pieces). Single bloom.
- Bourbon. Occur from the island of Bourbon. There are about 500 varieties. Plants strongly branched with straight or arcuate shoots. The flowers have different shades of pink, rarely orange, white or red. Bloom later, autumn.
- Bursolt Roses were bred in 1820, most varieties created by the Frenchman Henry Bursolt. There are approximately 50 varieties of class. Shrubs are from 2 to 5 m in height. Branches flexible with rare spikes. Flowers grow in buds of red, pink or lilac. Blossom once.
- Centrifuge. Roses are short, but sprawling. The branches are curved arc with spikes of various sizes. Leaves light green shade. The flowers are large, white, red, but usually pink. Single bloom. Extremely rarely used for landscaping.
- Roses of Damascus. Vintage flowers, mentioned in the tenth century BC. er From 1 to 2 m in height. Spreading bush, powerful shoots. The leaves have a grayish tint. Flowers from white to red with a pink shade, large, square (which is typical for this class). The fruits are long, narrow. Most representatives bloom once.
- Repair Hybrids. They were created in 1820. At that time were valuable due to the rare size of the flower. The most beautiful roses were recognized as white, for example, the Snow Queen. There are also two-color varieties and varieties with a border.
- Mossy roses. Found in the 17th century in France. The first artificially bred variety appeared in 1844. This is a re flowering shrub. It has glandular growths similar to moss. The flowers are medium, white, pink, red flowers.
- Nouvetian rose. Bred at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Up to one and a half meters in height. Semi-clawed rose with small or medium-sized flowers, growing inflorescences, and light glossy leaves. Flowering is continuous, almost the entire season.
- Portland rose Bred at the end of the XVIII century, got its name in honor of the Countess de Portland. Low bush Flowering long, abundant. The flowers are red or pink, rarely white.
- Tea roses. Climbing plants with shoots in 10 m and single flowers of various colors (white, yellow, pink, orange, red) from 5 to 7 cm in diameter. Have a delicate aroma of tea.
Modern garden roses
These include all groups created after 1867. New varieties are very popular and eclipsed all their predecessors. Consider some more detailed.
- Hybrid tea. They have straight bushes from 80 cm to 1.5 m in height. The leaves are dark green. Flowers of various colors are often solitary, rarely grow in inflorescences. The flowering period from June to the most frost. Combine the best qualities of re-blooming and tea roses.
- Floribunda rose has a different bright color, the flower size varies from 6 to 10 cm, and the height of the bush - from 30 cm to 1 m, there is a climbing form of the plant (for example, the variety Lily Marlene). Appeared in 1924. Ranked first in landscaping. And although the flowers are smaller than those of hybrid tea varieties, the flowering is abundant and longer.
- Polyanthic Roses, which appeared in 1873. They are stunted, unpretentious with small flowers (3-4 cm in diameter), combined into inflorescences of 20-30 pieces. Flowering is almost continuous. Resistant to fungal diseases and cold.
- Climbing. Roses with whip-shaped, long shoots. There are three groups: Reambler, climbing large-flowered and Cordes hybrids.
- Miniature roses. In 1810 they were brought from China. They can grow in open ground (flowering from late spring to frost), and at home (flowering almost all year round). In height of 20-45 cm. Flowers from 2 cm to 5 cm, grow singly and buds of all possible colors. Abundant flowering.
- Grandiflora. The class appeared in 1954. This rose is the result of a hybrid hybrid tea and floribunda. It can have both single flowers, and collected in inflorescences of various colors. The height of the bush is 1-1.7 m. It has a long abundant flowering.
- Roses Schrub. This included all varieties that do not meet the characteristics of other classes.
Did you know?Each rose has different varieties from 5 to 128 petals. It can grow both singly and in inflorescence of 3-200 flowers. The diameter of the flower ranges from 1.8 cm to 18 cm.
If you are wondering which rose to choose, then initially decide which one you need. After all, there is a rose and park, and climbing, and floribunda, and many others. They all have different characteristics and requirements. Huge selection makes it possible to find exactly what will satisfy all your requests. We are sure that no matter what variety you choose, it will not disappoint you, because a rose really is a queen of flowers.
