Growing vegetables in a greenhouse can be highly profitable business.
To succeed in it, it is important to choose the right species and varieties, find a promising market sales.
Not less significant point - the construction of the greenhouse, which will provide a normal microclimate and will not be too expensive to maintain.
Greenhouse: what should it be?
Greenhouse helps to increase yields and extend the period of growing plants. In a properly equipped shelter harvest can be taken all year roundthat will significantly increase the profitability of the enterprise.
Specialists divide greenhouses according to the form, materials of which they are made, heating methods and other criteria. Choosing one or another option depends on climatic conditions, in which the greenhouse will work, and also from vegetables intended for cultivation.
The most convenient option - the greenhouse on a metal frame, covered with polycarbonate. Such a construction will last for many years, without requiring repair and additional investments. In especially cold regions double glazing recommended. The air between the two layers of polycarbonate will help maintain the desired temperature inside the greenhouse, saving on artificial heating.
Another way to warm the building is to make the northern wall deaf, laying it out of cinder blocks. The wall will perform the function of a solar panel and protection against cold wind, without interfering with normal insolation.
Sure to use biofuels, it will help to save significantly.
To create biofuels, pork, cow or goat manure is mixed with straw, spilled water and placed in piles under the film. After a few days, the rotted mass is placed in the greenhouse, under the top layer of soil.
Such fuel 3-4 months valid, keeping the temperature between 15 and 30 degrees Celsius.
Complement the heating pipes laid underground or around the perimeter of the greenhouse. Electric boilers or fires are used as heaters. To maintain the desired temperature in the greenhouse, you can use stoves, stoves, heaters or infrared cables.
Greenhouse necessarily equipped with a ventilation system and good backlighting. Ideal - fluorescent lamps with a warm spectrum that has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of plants.
Vegetables for the greenhouse: what to choose?
In the greenhouse you can grow any kind of vegetablesfrom habitual to exotic. You should not make a bet on seasonal root vegetables (carrots, turnips, beets). These types of vegetables are characterized by good keeping quality, summer cultivation in the open field allows you to save the harvest until spring.
Among the most popular growers produce:
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes;
- cabbage;
- pepper.
Cucumbers Leaders of greenhouse crops. It is better to grow them from seedlings, it allows you to significantly accelerate ripening. Vegetables very sensitive to moisture, it should not fall below 80%. Requires frequent organic dressing. You can grow cucumbers in the ground or on mats shelving method. Shelving will help save space in greenhouses and significantly increase the area of plantings.
Read also on our site, how to water, shape and tie up the lash of cucumbers in the greenhouse.
Tomatoes in the greenhouse can be grown according to different technologies. The most profitable - hydroponic, implying the use of a nutrient solution. Hydroponics has a significant minus - the fruits get a watery taste, lose their flavor. Therefore, many greenhouse owners prefer soil cultivation.
Find out on our website how to tie up, pinch and mulch tomatoes in a greenhouse.
It increases the cost of the process, but tomatoes are much more tasty. Choose varieties specifically designed for greenhouses, preferred tomatoes are Russian, Polish and Dutch selection.
Cabbage - the ideal candidate for greenhouses. Enclosed space will provide this culture with the desired level of humidity. Indoors, you can shoot several harvests per year.
For growing suitable broccoli, white, Beijing, color, Brussels cabbage. To accelerate growth, you can pre-grow seedlings in a cassette way.
For sowing, choose early ripe hybrid varieties that do not need pollination. To achieve a good harvest, it is important to monitor the temperature in the greenhouse. It should not exceed 20 ° C, otherwise young plants will throw out flower stalks too quickly.
The main costs of greenhouse business
Growing vegetables in a greenhouse as a business requires large initial investment. These include:
- Land lease. Industrial greenhouse takes at least 100 square meters. m, in the economy of such buildings may be several.
- Greenhouse construction. The construction of a standard polycarbonate greenhouse on a metal frame will cost 100,000-120,000 rubles.
- Purchase of planting material. Acquisition of ready seedlings will cost more, save growing from seeds will help to save. On planting in a greenhouse you need to spend at least 10,000 rubles.
- Fertilizers and agricultural equipment. For rapid growth, plants require complex mineral and organic supplements, they are introduced into the soil several times per season. In the year for fertilizer will have to spend at least 10 00 rubles.
- The most expensive part is heating and lighting. For successful cultivation of plants need to maintain a temperature of 15 to 20 degrees throughout the year. The cost depends on the selected method of heating greenhouses. The most expensive option - electricity, as cheap as possible - biofuels.
Profitability and income
The specialists estimate profitability greenhouse business in 50-75%. The difference depends on the season, winter profitability is significantly higher. In lean years, it can increase to 200% or more. Business pays off in 2-3 yearsbut.
The profitability of the greenhouse business depends on many factors. Among them:
- the size of the greenhouse;
- presence of competitors in the region;
- selected cultures;
- number of distribution channels.
To increase income, you need to focus on 2-3 popular cultures. Among the leaders in profitability are cucumbers and tomatoes, good income and bring greens: green onions, different types of lettuce, parsley, dill, spicy herbs.
Highly it is important and the establishment multichannel network sales, which may include chain stores, convenience stores, vegetable kiosks, trays on the market, online sales and much more.
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