Apples are juicy and sweet fruits that children and adults love to feast on. Varieties today have been bred a lot. Some people prefer juicy and sweet fruits, others like fruits with sourness, but, undoubtedly, everyone can choose the kind that suits him.
One of the most sought-after dwarf apples remains the Autumn Low-growing variety.
Variety description
What kind is it?
This is a variety of apples, which belongs to the autumn types of ripening.
Breeding history
This variety was bred as a result of crossing Skryjapel and Pepin saffron. These works involved I. V. Michurin.
Natural growth region
Autumn Low-growing is a variety that has been entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the Central Black Soil Region.
additional characteristics
In a variety of apples have an average size, they are slightly flattened, on their surface are clearly visible ribs. The peel is smooth, dry and shiny.
The main color is greenish-yellow, although there is a red blush in some places. The substrate is thick and curved.
The flesh is green, its consistency is thick, it is juicy and sour-sweet.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the variety should be attributed:
- high yield;
- resistance to low temperatures;
- precociousness;
- long storage and high transportability.
By cons must include defeat scab, the formation of which is influenced by high humidity.
Tree height and crown width
Already from the name it is clear that the height of the tree is insignificant - 1.5-2 m. The crown of the tree is horizontal, its width does not exceed 3 m.
Peculiarities of ripening and fruiting
Harvesting takes place in late August and to September.
A photo
Next, you can see the photo of the apple Autumnal Undersized:
Landing
Site selection
For an apple of this variety it is unacceptable to choose a plot with blackout. You need an open and sunny space.
Soil preparation
For the Autumn Low-growing seedling it is necessary to choose fertile land, but at the same time it should not be too acidic. So, before the landing events, the soil can be deoxidized with dolomite flour or lime. Make them necessary during digging.
Pits
Landing pits to dig a month before planting. Its depth should be 0-75 cm, width - 1 m. Fill it with fertile soil and rotted manure (20 l per tree). Add superphosphate and ash (1 kg each). After filling the pit should form a mound.
Landing technology
After all the preparatory activities were completed, you can proceed to a direct landing, following the following plan of action:
Place a wooden peg in the center of the recess. It should be at a depth of 35-45 cm. A sapling should be tied to it after planting.- Set the tree on a hillock. The root collar of a seedling should not be buried and rise 5 cm above the ground. Carefully straighten the root system in all directions and cover it with earth.
- It remains to carefully tamp the ground and pour it. It is necessary to use water in the amount of 30-40 liters.
- Multiviating trunk circle using rotted compost, sawdust.
- Re-hydration to perform after 7 days.
Place a wooden peg in the center of the recess. It should be at a depth of 35-45 cm. A sapling should be tied to it after planting.The following is a useful video on the topic "How to plant an apple tree?”:
Care
Watering
Irrigation based on weather conditions. If the apple tree has not yet entered fruiting, then water 3 times a day. On one tree will leave 50 liters of water. Last time humidification to perform in August. Apple trees, which bear fruit, water 3-5 times a year - before flowering, during it and before falling off of the ovaries. When a tree grows on sandy soil, it will require 40 liters of water.
Attention! It is impossible to conduct podzymny gravy in areas where there is a high groundwater flow.
Top dressing
To make dressing in the 2nd and 3rd year of life. To do this, use a liquid complex fertilizer. On one tree leaves 30-40 g. Use mullein solution 2 times per season. To prepare it, take manure and water in the following ratio - 1:10. On one tree leaves 10 liters of solution.
Pruning
The tree is pruned as follows.:
First of all, remove the large branches that were damaged. The most common injury is one that was received from the severity of the fruit. This branch, if not removed, will freeze in winter.- Before the onset of winter, the crown should be thinned out. On the side where there are many branches, remove all weak branches. Leave only strong and straight.
- All branches that grow at the wrong angle, delete completely. Such branches quickly break off due to a gust of wind and under the weight of precipitation.
- Treat all sections made with special septic tanks.
- Remote branches burn.
First of all, remove the large branches that were damaged. The most common injury is one that was received from the severity of the fruit. This branch, if not removed, will freeze in winter.Diseases and pests
If the elementary rules of agrotechnics are not observed, the tree of Autumnal Undersized can be affected by various pests and diseases.
Black cancer
This pathology is characterized by such symptoms.:
- formations of black dots on the leaves, and their number and size increase every day;
- black rot on fruit;
- darkening of the bark of a tree, the formation of numerous cracks, screwing it in the opposite direction.
To prevent the occurrence of the disease, it is important to carry out timely prevention.
For this you need:
- remove small pests on time;
- fertilize and disinfect the soil.
Scab
This disease makes itself felt almost immediately after infection. The very first symptom is rust on the leaves of an apple tree. Scab is a fungal disease, so you need to fight it in early spring using Topaz. Dilute the substance in the amount of 2 ml in 10 l of water. Processing lead to flowering.
After flowering re-spraying the trunk. Instead of Topaz, you can use Hom. To prepare the solution, you need to take the drug in the amount of 40 g and diluted in 10 liters of water. To process the trunk before flowering and after it. Good result gives colloidal sulfur. Take it 80 g and diluted in 10 liters of water. Using the above formulations, it is important not to overdo it with the dosage. Otherwise, it may cause burns of the bark and foliage.
Further useful video on the topic "How to deal with scab on an apple tree?":
Mealy dew
This is another fungal disease that defeats the buds and buds of the apple tree. This disease is characterized by rapid spread. A tree under the influence of a fungus can die in a month. Apply Topaz and Skor for treatment.
Aphid
This pest very often affects the apple of this variety. Aphids feed on sap of leaves and branches. If you do not start treatment in time, the tree will wither. For the fight used soapy water. For 1 liter of water, take 200 ml of soap.
Leaflet
This is another parasite that is dangerous for the apple tree, Autumnal Low-growing. He eats leaves of a tree from the inside, as a result of which only the veins remain. Another insect feeds on the pulp of the fruit. Bitter wormwood is used to control leafworms.. It should be seated around the site.
Autumn undersized - an autumn grade of an apple tree which is appreciated by gardeners due to the high productivity and unpretentiousness in leaving. And so that the harvest each year would be pleased with its quality and quantity, it is necessary to follow simple rules of agricultural engineering, as well as carry out preventive treatment from pests and parasites.
