The apple tree, like any fruit tree, is loved by garden pests and, accordingly, is prone to various diseases. We conclude that care is needed to get a good harvest. It must be timely and correct, and not once a year. Effective is the treatment of apples in late autumn from various diseases and pests.
Appointment and deadlines
According to the observations of many years, experienced gardeners have compiled a calendar, thanks to which anyone can find out when and what kind of processing needs to be done, because apples are at stake.
Most of the disease is revealed during fruiting, when fruits that are not fully ripe begin to rot and crumble. Therefore, the autumn processing of the apple orchard carries with it a preventive task: that is, the pests that did not die in the fall will be destroyed in the spring.
Important! Treating trees during fruit ripening is strictly prohibited.
The best month is November, processing in early autumn can lead to yellowing and abscission of foliage, and even worse - to burn the leaves, which in turn is fraught with the death of trees from frost. 
If the processing is done correctly, the result will be visible next year - the garden will be pleased with abundant fruiting. Spraying is carried out in dry windless weather. It is imperative that before the start of this procedure, the area is cleaned from leaves and debris.
What to process?
Knowing that autumn processing is a preventive measure to reduce disease and reproduce pests on trees in the spring, and also destroys those who hid in the bark to hibernate, the question arises as to what can be done with an apple orchard in the fall. Consider some of the drugs.
You will probably be interested to learn more about planting, pruning and caring for an apple tree in the fall.
inkstone
Iron sulfate is a means by which it is possible not only to improve fruiting, if the plant is treated in the spring, but also to restore the old garden, if this procedure is carried out in the autumn.
It helps trees survive the cold and is held after the foliage has fallen. Iron sulfate is a time-tested tool and is relatively inexpensive in monetary terms.
This drug is used to protect the garden from septoria, scab and black cancer - those diseases that seed crops are prone to. In the autumn, we use a 5% solution of ferrous sulfate, and in the spring only 1%. 
Protective functions persist for 14 days because the substance is oxidized in air and loses its properties. For spraying, a 5% solution is made (450 grams of powder per 10 liters of water) at a rate of up to 15 liters per hundred squares of treatment area.
The vitriol does not apply on a green leaf, the solution has a very acidic reaction of the medium, thereby causing burns. To store the drug can only be long in a closed container, because it is hygroscopic.
Did you know? It is important to know how to measure a 2% solution of vitriol: take 0.5 tbsp. spoons of powder and 1 liter of water, combine and get the desired consistency.
Ferrous sulfate is not 100% protection against problems, since the solution cannot get into inaccessible places where spores and mosses persist. Experienced gardeners cultivate the garden in the fall with iron sulfate and in the spring with copper, which in turn gives a good result.
Copper sulfate
This substance is a fungicide of a preventive action and does not carry any therapeutic properties. It is used to reduce the spread of fungus in fruit crops.
If the fungal spores got into the tissues of the foliage and fruits, this drug will not save, therefore autumn preventive garden treatment is so important. Under the action of copper, which is the active substance of this agent, the spores of the fungus cannot germinate and simply die.
And if the spores have already formed mushrooms, it is impossible to destroy them, because the solution does not penetrate into the plant, but the development of the mycelium stops.
Careful processing should be carried out on the connections of skeletal branches with the trunk. Copper sulfate is used both independently and with other substances. To prepare the composition, there are simple rules:
- the use of glassware;
- substance is dissolved strictly before use in warm water;
- the solution must be filtered to avoid lumps;
- The mixture must be prepared with gloves and used for 10 hours.
Apple tree processing with copper sulfate protects trees from phyllossticosis, scab, moniliasis. Spraying is carried out in the morning or evening in calm weather.Urea
If the tree is susceptible to fungal diseases, the question of how to treat an apple tree in the fall to avoid these evils, the answer is the most common drug - urea.
Spraying of this substance can be carried out after up to 50% of foliage has fallen from trees. with a concentration of up to 5% (500 grams per 1 liter). For greater effect, spraying is carried out in the late autumn on a bare tree, maintaining the solution concentration up to 10% (100 grams per 1 liter).
We do the processing not only to the tree, but also to the earth around it, using urea for two purposes at once: the fungicide and the fertilizer. Such a concentration of the solution can not be used on the leaves - they will burn and fall prematurely, not giving up the nutrients to the tree, and this may adversely affect the resistance of the plant in the cold. 
Lime
Whitening of trees with this preparation at all times is not only decorative, but also protects the bark of plants from adverse factors:
- protects against burns when the foliage that protects from the sun is not there yet;
- protects against temperature fluctuations and, accordingly, helps prevent cracking of the bark in winter;
- is a barrier from various pests in the winter.
Gardeners with experience advise to lime trees 3 times a year. The white color of the whitewash reflects the rays of the sun, and the trunk does not have time to heat up, but this procedure must be carried out correctly.
Gardeners recommend to whiten the entire trunk with the lower skeletal branches to half the length in dry and calm weather, so that the lime could gain a foothold and dry on the trunk. 
Important! For better adhesion of the prepared solution to the tree trunk, it is necessary to add clay, laundry soap, glue to it.For the qualitative performance of this process, it is necessary that:
- the prepared mixture was not very thick, as there will be lumps, and not very liquid, otherwise the solution will drain from the barrel;
- only white color - a guarantee of reflection of sunlight;
- so that the rain does not wash the whitewash, the presence of glue in the solution is necessary;
- for young trees that need to be whitened, the concentration of the mixture should be less than for adult plants;
- the tree trunk should be cleared of lichen, dead bark removed and disinfected with a soap-and-soap solution.
Garden pitch
Garden pitch is a well-known tool that is used to treat large cuts from branch cuts and to cover up wounds on trees in order to protect them from pathogenic germs, fungi and loss of tree sap.
It is one of the safest and most effective means of garden medicine: you can buy ready-made barrels in retail outlets, or you can cook it yourself. The advantages of this tool are:
- Easy to prepare and apply to the surface.
- Good hardens and does not fall away from the treated surface.
- It retains moisture and prevents wounds from drying out.
The basis of garden warrior take the following substances:
- Bee products - propolis, wax.
- Fats that are eaten - various vegetable oils, lard.
- The mixtures used in farming are ash from the vine, heteroauxin.
Did you know? In order to speed up the healing process of wounds, you need to add to the garden warder, when it is ready, powdered heteroauxin tablets in a ratio: per kilogram of the mixture - one tablet.
Finished drugs
An apple tree, in addition to the substances listed above, can be protected with special liquids, therefore, everyone can decide how to treat the trees in the fall, depending on time and money.
One of the most popular drugs is the Insecticide Drug 30+. With it, struggling with aphids, moths, whitefly and many other pests. The tool is pre-diluted in water in a ratio of 1:50 and the barrel is treated with the resulting solution.
As a result, a film appears on the bark, which leads to the death of all harmful insects. Good results are also shown by Entobacterin, which helps to fight a large number of parasites.
The big plus is that the drug does not affect the beneficial insects. The peculiarity is that it is used only on a warm and sunny day: in such conditions, positive results will be most noticeable. 
What besides processing?
Caring for apple trees in the fall is also pruning and cleaning the trunk, as well as pest control.
Trimming and cleaning the trunk
To do this, conduct a visual inspection and after the discovery of foci of disease, everything is carefully removed, in the end the areas are treated with copper sulphate or lime.
Such manipulations carry out the field of detection of lichens, moss or fungi, which are also parasites. Whitewashing the trunk is carried out after trimming all the excess. With the help of lime protect the tree from the harmful effects of sunlight and severe frost.
Autumn feeding
Still spend autumn feeding. Some gardeners think that feeding the apple trees in the fall is unimportant, since the crop has already been harvested and growth has slowed. However, one should still live in order to strengthen the tree in front of the cold weather.
Fertilizers are applied at the beginning of autumn - these can be potash fertilizers, they have a beneficial effect on growth. You can also feed the garden with ammonium sulfate, which will significantly increase the size of the crop. Such an autumn fertilizer for the garden will bring only positive results. 
As you can see, there are quite a lot of drugs, so everyone can choose the most suitable for themselves, which means that next year the apple tree will surely please you with a good harvest.
