Apple tree is one of the main fruit crops in Russia.
By breeding a large number of different varieties of apple trees were formed, including resistant to cold climatic conditions.
Winter hardy varieties are needed in such regions as Siberia, the Far East, the Ural region.
One of the varieties obtained by the work of breeders of the Altai Territory is apple varietiesAltai ruddy.
What kind is it?
The Altai ruddy apple variety is obtained by crossing the Belfleur-Chinese and Melba pollen with the Northerner. This variety has a characteristic periodicity of fruiting. By ripening - Late summer varietyin the bed up to 60 days.
Trees bring crops not every year, but in a year. Scientists have found the reason for this feature.
The fact is that an apple tree in one year forms a large number of fruit buds and gives a large number of fruits, as a result does not have time to stock up on the necessary amount of nutrients and fruit buds for the next year are not formed.
The summer varieties include apple trees: Arkadik, Arkad Summer, Dachnoe, Elena, Quinti, July Chernenko, Korobovka, Summer Striped, Red Early, Southern, Glory to the Winner, Solntsedar, Siyanets Solntsedara, Silver Hoof, Terentieva, Chudnoe, Yubylyar, Yandykovo, Yablichar, Yablichar, Yablitera, Silver Hoof, Terentieva, Chudnoe, Yubylyar, Yablekovsky, Yablichar Savior, Malinovka, Papirovka, Gornist, Gorno-Altai, Augustus.
Description of a grade the Altai Ruddy
Apple trees have beautiful appearance, namely, medium tall trunk with balanced compact crown shapethat looks like ball.
Branches of apple trees are large, powerful, directed vertically upwards. Ringers are evenly placed on them.
These are small short twigs with buds on the end. Their length is from 5 to 7 centimeters. It is in them that fruiting occurs.
Apple leaves are dark green, soft to the touch. The form resembles an egg, and have a bend of the central vein.
Apple trees self-bearing and are excellent pollinatorssuitable for cross-pollination summer varieties: Melba, White Pouring, Altai dove.
Fruits of a grade the Altai ruddy round, small in size, their average weight ranges from 55 to 100 grams.
The color of apples is light red with cream tints. The skin is smooth with rich red stripes.
Light yellow juicy flesh of an apple has a sweet-sour taste and a pleasant light aroma.
Apple stalk narrow and longer than average size.
The fruit has a closed type of seed area and a small apple hole.
A photo
Breeding history
The creators of the Altai Rosy apple variety are: Lisavenko MA, Kornienko L.Yu., Grankina Z.A., Kalinina I.P., Zhebrovskaya L.Yu.. They worked on it in Research Institute of Gardening of Siberia.
Later, the variety became widespread in the northern and north-western regions of Russia: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Kaliningrad regions.
This variety was entered in the register of fruit crops in 1985.
Natural growth region
The region of natural variety growth is Altai Krai. In 1988, he was zoned in the Far Eastern Region (Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Obast), Western Siberia (Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, regions) and the Urals (Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk Regions).
The climate in these regions is distinguished by the following features: a long duration of winter and low temperatures during this period, a short hot summer.
The adaptation of the growth of apple trees in these regions is due to the set of biochemical characteristics inherent in this variety.
For planting in these regions, the following varieties will be suitable: Belfleur Bashkir, Altai Crimson, Anis Sverdlovsk, Long (China), Bratchud, Carpet, Covenant, Gift to Gardeners, Snowdrop, Persian, Pepin Shafranny, Flashlight, Sokolovskoye, Ural Native, Orange, Pentin Shafranny , Phoenix of Altai, Daughter of Pepinchik, Lyubava, Altynai.
Yield
Apple Altai ruddy begins to bear fruit only 4 or 5 years after landingthey have high yields from 60 to 80 kg from a tree.
Estimated average yield for the last 10 years amounted to 13 tons per hectare.
Planting and care
In order to achieve maximum yield of apple trees, it is necessary to plant them properly and provide your garden with proper care and protection from pests.
Landing rules:
On the selected site carefully prepare the soil. You need fertilize at least 50 cm deep. To do this, you need up to 100 quintals per hectare of organic and up to 2 quintals per hectare of mineral fertilizers.- This variety can be planted in one of 2 terms: either early in the spring (this should be from the second half of April to the first half of May), or in the autumn (from late September to early October).
- The width of the landing pit should be 70-100 centimeters, depth from 70 to 90 centimeters. As the ground subsides, the pit should be deepened by 5 centimeters.
- Roots must be moisturized. To do this, they are placed in a talker from the ground. It is a semi-liquid mixture of water, clay and earth. To create it, take a wet cloth in which dissolve the mixture and place a seedling in it. After that, wrap the fabric and place the entire structure in a plastic bag.
On the selected site carefully prepare the soil. You need fertilize at least 50 cm deep. To do this, you need up to 100 quintals per hectare of organic and up to 2 quintals per hectare of mineral fertilizers.If you plant seedlings in the spring, the pit is better to prepare in the fall, covering it for the winter, for example, with a tarpaulin. If planting in the autumn, the pit is prepared a month before planting a tree.
If there are damaged places in the root system, they must be pruned to healthy wood. When planting an apple tree in the ground, the roots gently spread deep into and to the side.
When carrying out the landing, leave the place of transition of the roots to the above-ground part at the level of the soil or slightly below it. Around the seedling make a hole for the entire size of the pit.- For watering one plant you need 3-4 buckets of water.. After the water is completely absorbed, it is necessary to powder the well with loose material. You can take sawdust, peat or just dry ground.
- After planting their seedlings shortened by one third from their elevated length to the outer eye, from which an escape will later be formed.
When carrying out the landing, leave the place of transition of the roots to the above-ground part at the level of the soil or slightly below it. Around the seedling make a hole for the entire size of the pit.In addition to proper planting, the young sapling needs good care so that it can form into a healthy fruit tree.
- In the first few years after planting the plant spud 20 centimeters tall and put props to the trunk did not begin to grow in the side.
- During the fruiting period, to protect the tree from breaking the branches under them put props. When available, the weight of the fruit on the branches is distributed evenly.
- Autumn spend digging up the soil, making the batteries. To protect the roots in winter in the near-ground layer of the earth I dig in humus.
- To protect against rodents and sunburn, the trunk is wrapped with scrap material. It is better to use fabrics, as they allow air and water to pass through.
To prepare for the winter at the end of the summer stop watering trees. The tissues should stop the growth process and form a stock of organic components. You will also need spray trees against wintering pests. This procedure is performed at a temperature not lower than 5 C.
To prepare for the winter at the end of the summer stop watering trees. The tissues should stop the growth process and form a stock of organic components. You will also need spray trees against wintering pests. This procedure is performed at a temperature not lower than 5 C.Compliance with the necessary rules for planting and caring for apple trees will provide you with good yields.
But besides that you have to to fight against pathogens and pestswho want to exist at the expense of your plants.
Diseases and pests
Mealy dew. It is caused by microscopic fungi that form a gray bloom on the leaves, buds, inflorescences, after maturation of the pathogen spores liquid drops appear, and the bloom acquires a brown tint.
Leaves, buds and buds dry out and fall off. Used for the treatment drugs "Topaz", "Hom", Skor ". The treatment is carried out for the first time during the formation of the leaves, the second after flowering, the third after collecting the fruits.
Cytosporosis.Fungal disease affecting the bark of trees. Its symptom is the formation of dark brown ulcers on the trunk of a tree. Damaged areas fall off along with branches located on them.
The first treatment against cytosporosis is carried out in the spring before the appearance of the leaves, using the “Homa” solution. The second treatment is done before the period of formation of flowers - copper sulphate. Third after flowering - solution "Homa".
Fruit rot. Brown rot appears on ripening apples. To combat it, use the drug solution "Hom", making two treatments. The first during the period of the formation of leaves, the second - after flowering. Damaged fruits are harvested from trees and land and burned.
Black cancer You can notice this disease by the presence of characteristic spots on the leaves, which increase in size and numerically. The bark of the tree is cracking, the plant's tissues tear and come out.
After flowering leaves sprayed Bordeaux liquid. Remote parts must be burned at a place remote from the site.
In addition to various diseases trees suffer from pestsaffecting leaves, bark, flowers and fruits.
Pests and ways to effectively deal with them.
The main pests of apple trees are apple mites, aphid and moth leaf and moths, crayfish, moth and tsvetoyed.
Apple aphid sucks the juice from the leaves of the plant, to protect against it is used spraying tobacco broth or karbofos solution.
To prevent and combat apple mite they clean off old areas of bark and burn them away from apple plantings.
From slates and brakes get rid very hard. Spray with karbofosovom solution or tobacco smoke.
Using a spray solution of chlorophos or "Zolona", you can win apple moth, leafworm and flower beetle.
Protect apple trees from pests need when preparing for winter and early spring.
In the autumn, be sure to collect and burn fallen leaves. Spring prophylactic treatment of the bark and branches.
In conclusion, it should be noted the advantages and disadvantages of the Altai Rosy variety.
Advantages: resistance to low temperature transfer, early ripening and regular fruiting.
The disadvantages include: the small size of the fruit, their strong shedding and small shelf life.
