To decorate the suburban area with pretty flowers that have a long flowering period and can be tied up, the choice can be stopped on clematis. How to grow clematis, we describe below.
Choosing a landing site
Clematis flowers in planting in open ground require the right choice of place, because in another case they will be difficult to achieve bright flowering. It is important to adhere to the following rules:
- Clematis stems and flowers are very fond of sunlight, so you should not plant them on the north side of the house. However, their root system does not like high temperatures.
In this connection, it is recommended to plant other flowers near Clematis, which would give shade to their roots and prevent the soil from heating up strongly on hot days.
Clematis is a weaving flower whose vines cling to objects that are convenient for them during growth. If the plant is planted in an open area, blown by the winds, it will not be able to hold onto a support. Dangerous wind for flowers that will instantly fly around.
Clematis in the abstraction and care is important to protect from water, since with its excess root system of the flower may begin to rot. For this reason, try to keep water from the sewer pipe on its roots, and plant a flower about 50 cm from the walls of the buildings. If your site is too high groundwater level, it is necessary to dig trenches around the flower bed with clematis to which excess moisture will recede.
Clematis planting: when and how to plant a flower
There are several ways to plant clematis. If it is necessary to propagate flower seedlings with a closed root system, then clematis planting will be possible both in summer, and in spring, and in autumn. If you purchased a sapling, but it is too cold outside for planting in open ground, the plant can be put on a window sill in an apartment or in a greenhouse where it grows up.
Important!In autumn, clematis with closed roots must be planted before the end of October (if the month is cold, then it is at the beginning). This will allow the plant to adapt as much as possible to new conditions and it is easier to transfer the winter period. To protect from frost, seedlings must cover with fallen leaves or other insulation.
As for when it is possible to plant clematis with an open root system, then such a plant will be ready for transplant only from April to May (it is better not to reach the end of the month). If the buds of the plant are swollen - the flower may not settle down after transplanting. Even if the plant gets accustomed, then its life rhythms shift, and by the winter the vine will not be strong enough to survive the frosts.Having decided on the place of landing, you can immediately install a support for weaving lianas, especially if you work in spring or summer. After that, you need to do the preparation of the hole for the flower.
Important!At one place, the mathematics can grow for about 25 years, so even during planting it is worthwhile to take care of sufficient fertilizer on the flowerbed.
- Dig a hole for planting a large - 60x60x60 cm. If you plant several plants - it will be easier to prepare a trench.
- For drainage at the bottom of the pit, lay no more than 15 cm of gravel, expanded clay or broken bricks.
- Take care of the preparation of the soil, which will need to fall asleep in a hole. Clematis better take root in nutrient and breathable soils, so mix in equal proportions the ground from the dug hole, sand, manure and peat. Additionally, pour about a liter of wood ash and 100 g of complex fertilizer for garden flowers into a hole.
The size of the cutting will determine how deeply you will embed it in the soil. If the cutting is very large and has grown quite strongly, then it should be lowered by 12-20 cm, whereas small cuttings should be lowered by 6-12 cm.
This will contribute to the growth of a strong root system and stem, as well as protect the roots from freezing in winter. When planting plants in a row between the bushes is to leave a space of 1-1.5 meters.
How to care for clematis
In caring for clematis, the age of the plant plays an important role. Caring for a young flower, it is necessary to cut off almost all of its buds. This is done to ensure that the entire life force of the plant goes not to bloom, but to form the root system and the stem. Also on a young plant, it is important to pinch all the shoots, which will contribute to the formation of a larger number of them. Do not forget to tie up all the resulting vines to clematis bush was even more beautiful.
How to water clematis
Clematis do not like the abundance of moisture, so they should be watered moderately. Young plants - once a week, but when the weather is dry, watering is worth up to once every 5 days. Adult plants need watering no more than 1 time in 10 days.
If you have doubts about whether to water the flower, check the soil moisture. When it is dry, even at a depth of 30 cm, immediate hydration is required. During watering, it is important to ensure the penetration of moisture directly to the roots of the plant, which at 5 years of age can go to a depth of one meter. To do this, it is recommended to dig 4 flower pots from four sides of clematis into which it will be necessary to pour water. Over time, it will sink to the roots.
Loosening and mulching the soil
In addition to moisture, clematis also requires a constant flow of air, for which it is important to regularly loosen the soil. Do this with every watering and after the rain. But loosening the soil around young flowers should be done very carefully, lifting only the top 2 cm.
Very well reflected in the growth of clematis mulching, which is often used instead of watering and loosening the soil. As mulch for these flowers, it is recommended to use rotted manure, which can be covered on top with a layer of peat. It is especially important to use mulch in winter, then it can also protect the roots from freezing.
Did you know? There is a huge variety of clematis varieties. Among them you can find bushes with flat flowers, bells, tubes and even tulips. But the most common are star flowers.
Clematis fertilizer
Clematis fertilizer is always required, especially during flowering. The larger the flowers of the plant, the more often it will be necessary to add additional fertilizers to the ground around it - about once every 2 months. If the flowers are small - it will be enough and 2 - 3 dressings per season. Depending on the age and size of the bush, it will need about 10 liters of nutrient solution.
The lack of many elements in the soil can be identified by the state of clematis:
- when the shoots of the plant become short, and the leaves are smaller, they turn yellow or red, the flowers become shallow and lose their brightness - the plant suffers from a lack of nitrogen. To make this substance rationally in spring, when shoots start growing. Nitrogen plant can be obtained from fertilizer slurry (diluted with water 1:10), bird droppings (1:15), nitroammofoskoy (20 g per 10 l), regularly alternating these substances;
- brown leaves with a violet tint indicate a lack of phosphorus, which can also lead to poor root development; it is recommended to make phosphorus in preparing the soil for planting, introducing bone meal (not more than 200 g per 1 sq. m); during plant growth, every September you can apply phosphorus in the form of superphosphate fertilizer (20 g per 10 l of water);
- when the peduncles and buds turn black, then most likely the land in which the clematis is planted suffers from a lack of potassium. To prevent this, feed the flower with potassium nitrate every spring and in August with potassium sulfate, in each case making a solution of 20-30 g of the substance per 10 liters of water.
Rules for feeding plants
When caring for the plant is very important to feed it in a timely manner. After all, an excess of minerals in the soil can also destroy the flower. Therefore, To obtain long vines and beautiful flowers follow the following rules:
- Since you have made a lot of fertilizers when planting a flower, the next feeding can be done in 2-3 years.
- Constantly alternate mineral fertilizers with organic. The latter can be applied to the soil only in a state diluted with water.
- Foliar nutrition will also not be superfluous. Use for this urea (3 g per liter of water). In the summer, spray the leaves with a solution of potassium permanganate (boric acid can also be added). 10-15 liters is enough 2 drops of the substance.
- In winter, the bushes are fertilized only with wood ash.
Features pruning clematis
Clematis require regular pruning to stimulate plant growth and the appearance of the maximum number of flowers on its vines. In addition to shortening the shoots at the very beginning of development, this operation should be carried out annually, but taking into account the variety of the plant.
Flowers on the shoots of both the past and the current year
Pruning of such bushes is carried out twice a year. The first time is required in the middle of summer, when last year's shoots fade away, and the second - before autumn, when fresh shoots fade. At a very thick end last year's shoots can be cut to the ground.
Flowers on the shoots of the current year
The pruning procedure is carried out before covering the bush for the winter, with all the shoots can be cut to the ground.
Flowers on the shoots last year
Some varieties can grow well without cutting. You can only remove the shoots, which after flowering seeds are formed. If the bush has a lot of weak shoots, they can be shortened so that next year they become stronger.
How to cover clematis for the winter
Often, clematis does not require a strong cover, but still you can not do without it. As a shelter, you can use mulch, as well as pour fallen leaves over the bushes.
Shrubs, flowering on last year's shoots, require more careful shelter. For them, you can use fir branches. But those varieties of clematis that bloom on the current shoots for the winter, it is important to cut at a height of 10 cm, and to the same level you can fall asleep with sand, additionally also covering with a 20-centimeter layer of peat or sawdust. You can put a film on top of the bush, only in spring it will need to be removed in time so that the plant does not cross over.
How to multiply clematis
For reproduction of clematis the following methods are used:
- Cuttings. Make it in late May - early June. Cuttings are harvested from the middle part of the shoot; it is important that it also contains an internode and two developed buds. The length of the lower part of the cutting should be 4 cm, the upper - 2 cm. Such cuttings root well even in open ground, the main thing is that the temperature be not lower than + 25 ° С. In more difficult conditions, they can be rooted in cups.
- Use of layering. To do this, choose one escape from the bush that is located below everything to the ground, and fill it with earth at the beginning of summer. Already by September a new bush will appear from each internode. In order to plant a plant, it will only be necessary to cut the shoots with a shovel and dig up the sprouted bushes.
- The division of the bush. You can divide only adult bushes that have reached 6-7 years. To do this, the bush will have to completely dig and cut into pieces using a secateur. This should be done as carefully as possible so as not to damage the root system.
- Use of seeds. This method of reproduction is suitable only for wild varieties of clematis. 2 months before sowing (it must be assigned at the end of April) the seeds should be poured with water for several days, then covered with sand and refrigerated. You can sow flowers right in the open ground.
