What does samozheplodny variety mean?

One of the most important problems in gardening is the increase in yield, which depends on many factors - the climate, the properties and characteristics of plants, their ability to pollinate and others. There are such types of trees and shrubs that can bear fruit without outside intervention, and for others help is needed. In this article we will try to explain how pollination occurs in fruit-bearing trees, analyze that this is a self-fertile and self-fruitful variety, and also what to do so that the garden brings a good harvest.

Pollination methods

To begin with, to understand the principles of pollination of fruit trees, it is necessary to understand what the term pollination means.

Pollination is the process by which plants are fertilized. In colors, the male cells in the form of pollen, which are on the stamens, are transferred to the pistils or ovules, where the female germ cells are located. Then, over time, in their place an ovary forms and the fruit grows. Pollination occurs in various ways - it is self-pollination and cross-pollination. These methods differ in that when the plant is first pollinated independently, when the pollen from the stamens gets on the pistils of flowers within one plant.

For cross-pollination, pollen from nearby trees (pollinators) is used.

Types of cross-pollination:

• Entomophilia - insects carry pollen.
• Bestiality - pollination with the help of animals.
• Artificial pollination - man intervenes in the process.
• Anemophilia - pollination by the wind.
• Hydrophilia - pollen is carried by water.

Plants that breed with the help of animals and insects, are more vivid and large flowers. And those that are pollinated with the help of the wind are taller, their flowers are above the stem and leaves (for example, like corn) or bloom until the leaves appear (poplar, birch). Also among plants there are samoplodnye and samobesplodnye varieties. We will understand what is their difference.

Did you know? Corn is a monoecious plant. It has flowers of different sexes. Male flowers are at the top, and female flowers are on the trunk.

Self-fertile

Self-fruiting varieties during the pollination process use only pollen of their own flowers without pollinators (for example, bees or neighboring related trees).

The advantage is that due to the special structure of the flower (the anther is flush with the stigma) and the fact that pollination and ovary occur before the flowers open, the crop can be obtained under adverse conditions.

Such cultures are grown as a single, and solid arrays. However, not everything is as smooth as we would like. Usually the fruits of self-bearing trees are smaller. Therefore, professional gardeners recommend planting pollinators next to them.

Partially self-fertile

There is a pattern in gardening - self-bearing trees, depending on the climate, can change to partially self-bearing trees and give less yield. This is an intermediate option between the samobzoplodny and samoplodny varieties.

In a self-bearing tree, fertilization from its own pollen occurs in about 50% of the flowers, and in partly self-fruiting, in 20%. Therefore, gardeners say that partially self-bearing fruits will be much better if there are other trees of the same crop in the neighborhood.

Self-infertile

Let us see what this means - a self-barren variety and what is its difference. A greater number of fruit trees are precisely self-productive. They practically do not bear fruit without the help of pollen from neighboring trees and bees.

Important! The term allogamy (cross-pollination) is derived from the ancient Greek word (allos) “other” and (gamos) “marriage”.

If there is no suitable pollinator nearby, there will be very few fruits (only about 4% of the flowers will fertilize). Therefore, a garden with single samobzoplodnymi varieties will not yield.

It is also very important to know which varieties of pollinators are best planted next to each other, because some trees are incompatible with each other and do not bring the desired result.

Pollator Selection Rules

When planting in one's own plots, self-productive or partially self-fertile varieties of trees, in order for the harvest to always be pleasing, it is necessary to properly select the pollinators for them.

Did you know? Many cultures of fruit trees in the process of evolution acquired the ability to protect themselves from self-pollination on their own (pollen does not grow on the stigma of the pistil). This happens in order to protect the species from extinction. The fact is that when self-pollination appears monotonous offspring. And for survival under constantly changing weather and climatic conditions, a variety of species is necessary. That is why in nature there are much more samobzlodnyh varieties than self-fruiting.

There are several rules for choosing varieties for pollination:

• Cherry, sweet cherry or plum will be well pollinated if the pollinator is located no farther than 40 m. It is also important that other types of trees (apple, pear, apricot) do not grow between them. Bees will carry pollen from extraneous pollinators, and in this case there will be no fertilization.
• It is best to plant trees of the same crop in groups. And the distance between them should not exceed 4 m.
• It is necessary to consider when choosing pollinators time and timing of their flowering. Among trees with an early flowering period, a tree with an average period must necessarily grow, and a medium-flowering tree should be planted next to the flowering plants. Then mutual pollination will be performed, which should guarantee a good ovary.
• Cherry "Vladimirskaya" well pollinates cherry "Crimson", and for late flowering "Robin" is suitable "Shubinka".

• Almost all cherries are self-fruitful. Therefore, at least two trees with different flowering periods should grow on the site.
• If it is possible to plant only one tree, then it would be advisable to plant it with a couple of branches of other varieties. Then the pollen from them will pollinate the flowers of the whole tree. You can also simply tie flowering branches to the crown.
• It is not recommended to plant near cherries and cherries. These are different cultures, which give an insignificant harvest in case of mutual pollination.
• For plums varieties of "Home" are not suitable pollinators "Chinese" or "Russian". But between themselves, these two varieties are perfectly combined. Incompatible are plums with early and late flowering.
• The greater the variety of trees in the garden, the greater the yields.
• The yield of all fruit-bearing crops increases significantly next to the apiary.

Self-fruited varieties

Self-bearing tree varieties can be pollinated without pollinator participation. Often, depending on the growing area and weather conditions, such trees can become partially self-bearing.

Check out the best varieties of self-propelled plums.

Also in practice, it turned out that the yield increases significantly if other varieties belonging to the same crop grow alongside. What fruit trees are self-bearing, we will discuss below.

Cherry

Cherry berries can be eaten raw, cook from them preparations for the winter, desserts and other dishes. Most cherries are self-infesting. Therefore, for areas with adverse conditions for the growth of this culture is very important self-fruiting varieties of cherries.

These include such varieties:

• "Lubskaya";
• "Memory Enikeeva";
• "Volochaevka";
• "Bulatnikovskaya";
• "Chocolate";
• "Assol";
• "Apukhtinskaya";
• "Lot";
• "Brunette";
• "Ukrainian Griot";
• "Dessert Volga";
• "Tambovchanka";
• "Shakirovskaya";
• "Generous", etc.

Did you know? Persia is considered to be the motherland of cherries, and it was also found in the Caucasus and on the shores of the Black Sea.

Chereshyon

Cherries in popularity went far from the cherry. These berries have a sweet taste and are suitable for many dishes.

Popular among the self-cultivated varieties of cherries are:

• "Homestead yellow";
• Bereket;
• "Goryanka";
• "Tyutchevka";
• "Dunn";
• "Dolores";
• "Pridonskaya";
• "People Syubarova";
• "Slav" and others.

You will be interested to learn about such varieties of cherries as "Leningradskaya Chernaya", "Krupnoplodnaya", "Valeriy Chkalov", "Regina", "Bullish Heart", "Revna", "Bryansk Pink".

Drain

Sour-sweet, juicy, fragrant fruit. Surely everyone knows and loves plums, as this culture is very common in our territory. Comparing different varieties, we can distinguish such moments.

The most fruitless species of plums are much larger, their harvest is more generous, and the fruits are most often large. Self-fertile are suitable for areas with bad weather conditions, they are more hardy and do not require pollinators.

There are these types of self-fruited plums:

• "Hungarian Moscow";
• "Spark";
• "Hungarian home";
• "Hungarian ordinary";
• "In memory of Timiryazev";
• "Early Blue";
• "Redness is red";
• "Oryol dream";
• "Red Ball";
• "Yellow samoplodnaya", etc.

Did you know? You will never meet a wild plum in nature. It appeared due to the crossing of cherry plum and turn. It happened about 2,000 years ago. Turn and cherry plum grow well in the wild, and plum - no.

Apple tree

The apple tree is considered the queen of the gardens. The fruits have an extraordinary taste and aroma, are stored for a long time and are very useful.

The most common self-fruited varieties among apple trees:

• "Molis delishes";
• "Welsey";
• "Melba";
• "In memory of Tikhomirov" and others.

The rest are partly samoplodnye or samobesplodnymi varieties.

Partially self-fertile consider varieties:

• "Bessemyanka Michurinskaya";
• "Belarusian synapse";
• "Rennet Chernenko";
• "Saffron Pepin";
• "Pepinka Lithuanian";
• "July Chernenko", etc.

Check out such varieties of apple trees as "Bogatyr", "Lobo", "Semerenko", "Orlik", "Medunitsa", "Spartan", "Northern Synapse".

Cherry plum

The plums are sourish and more suitable for cooking and sauces. However, the breeders tried to bring a lot of new species with excellent taste and cold resistance.

There are such varieties of self-fertile and partially self-fertile cherry plum:

• "Kuban comet";
• "Purple Comet";
• "Purple Cleopatra";
• "Red-purple traveler";
• Vetraz;
• "Early Comet";
• "Late Comet";
• "Found";
• "Pramen" and others.

Abrikosov

Apricot fruits have a variety of taste, flavor, color and size. The list of varieties of this culture is huge, but it is dominated by self-infertile species. This culture has not many varieties that can bear fruit without the help of pollinator and under adverse conditions.

These varieties include:

• "Melitopol Early";
• "Polesia large-fruited" (partially self-fruited);
• "Pineapple";
• "Red-cheeked" and others.

Did you know? In nature, there are about 20 varieties of apricots. Black apricot (a hybrid of apricot and cherry plum) is considered the rarest.

Pear

Pear trees are very popular in our gardens. Who does not love these fragrant and juicy fruits! They are consumed fresh, used in desserts and various dishes.

Famous varieties of self-pears are:

• "Lada";
• "Bryansk Beauty";
• "In memory of Yakovlev";
• "Chizhovskaya";
• "Belarusian late";
• "Generous", etc.

Figs

Surely many people know what figs are. It is also called fig tree, fig tree, wine or Smirn berry, fig tree. This fruit is used to prepare wonderful sweets and desserts, it is added to cakes, ice cream, drinks and various dishes.

Among the diversity of this culture you can find a few self-fertile, it is:

• "Early Gray";
• "Cadot";
• "Crimean black";
• "Lardaro";
• Nikitsky;
• "Abkhazian purple";
• "Pomorie";
• "Adriatic Violet";
• "Shuya";
• Brunswick;
• "Dalmatian", etc.

Peach

This culture is also very popular because of its taste. However, this tree is thermophilic and not very many self-pollinated species.

The most popular ones are:

• "Melitopol";
• "White Lebedeva";
• "Favorite";
• Golden Moscow;
• Virgil et al.

The correct approach to the choice of fruit trees saplings will certainly lead to a good harvest. If you competently combine varieties and plant them according to the rules, the garden will bear fruit and bring only joy to its owner.