Features of the cultivation of experience at home, methods

Of the whole mushroom kingdom, honey mushrooms stand out not only for their excellent taste and rapid growth, but also for their suitability for artificial cultivation. Moreover, this process is so accessible and fascinating that even children can be engaged in mushroom production. How to organize a mushroom garden and consistently receive generous yields from it - we will tell further.

Technology

Dilution of honey agarics at home is possible in several ways. Often banks, plastic bags, felled logs or greenhouses are used for this. The choice of technology depends on the method of obtaining seed.

Did you know? Mushrooms appeared before dinosaurs - about 400 million years ago. In fact, along with ferns, they belong to the oldest inhabitants of the planet.

For sowing honey agaric, you can use the fruit body of the fungus or the mycelium. Each of the options favorably with its efficiency and minimal cost.

Learn about the benefits of white mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, boletus, toadstools, shiitake, reishi, cheeses, tinder, chaga.

From the fruit body

To breed mushrooms from the fruit body, you need to remove the caps from the old overripe specimens. As a rule, their diameter reaches 8 cm, and the reverse side is distinguished by a dark brown color.

After harvesting the raw materials, it is soaked with water, and after 24 hours (without preliminary straining and washing), mushroom hats are kneaded directly into a mushy bowl in a bowl.

Then, the resulting slush is passed through a two-layer gauze. The role of seed will get this talker, which is collected in a glass container, and then pour it with wood on the stumps or logs.

Experienced mushroom pickers advise to make small indentations on blanks before sowing. They are needed to collect liquid with mushroom spores in them. When the stumps are sown, all grooves on their surface should be closed with wet moss or sawdust, without affecting the ends.

The method is great for growing mushrooms at any time of the year indoors.

Video: how to get the mycelium from the fungal fruit body

Did you know? Strange as it may sound, mushrooms can sunbathe; at the same time they produce vitamin D. Under good lighting conditions, the cap is covered with an even tan.

From the mycelium

If during the "quiet hunt" in the forest you managed to find a small piece of rotten wood with mycelium, you can try to dissolve it from home. For this you need to divide the forest find into pieces of 2x2 cm. They will serve as a graft material to be laid in the holes made on the sides of the stump.

After sowing, they are closed, as in the first version, with moss. It is important to wrap the end sides of the stump with a plastic bag. It will help to maintain the necessary indicators of heat and humidity.

The use of mycelium is effective only in the autumn. Consequently, with the onset of cold weather, the wood with the mushroom garden will need to be covered with coniferous branches. If the stump is on the street, in the spring with the onset of a thaw, mycelium can be damaged by melt water. To avoid this, it is important to monitor the ends of the stump and protect them from excess moisture. To this end, it is necessary to regularly clean the wood and fir branches from snow.

It is necessary to clean the covering structure from the logs sown with mycelium in the second decade of June - for summer mushrooms, and in the last weeks of July - for winter ones. During this period, the mushrooms enter the fruiting phase.

The advantage of this technology is the ability to grow mushrooms in street conditions.

Video: how to grow mushrooms from the old stump

Important! Despite their high taste, honey mushrooms are characterized by pronounced parasitic traits. Therefore, so that fruit trees do not get infected on the site with mushrooms, it is necessary to protect the stump planted with a trench with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 10 cm. At the same time, it is necessary to retreat from infected wood by 2 meters.

Beginners should consider that of the many varieties of honey agarics, only summer and winter variations are suitable for artificial cultivation. On cramped areas, the last option is particularly popular, since it does not require special conditions for germination.

Summer mushrooms, unlike their winter counterparts, need special cellars, hangars or boxes. In addition, the room will need to create a favorable microclimate. If the large-scale production of mushrooms is not included in your plans, it is enough to acquire massive branches, old stumps or regular chips.

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You can go the other way - the particles of an infected stump set in a hole. Then - several short logs of the same height should be tied and “planted” in the hole.These "hemp" to be placed at a distance of 1-1.5 m

Conditions

If you put a log planted with mushroom mycelium in an apartment and wait for a harvest from it, you are unlikely to succeed. To honey-mushrooms stably fruit, you need to take care of favorable conditions. For this we need:

• free area of ​​about 15-20 square meters (suitable greenhouse, cellar, an open area in the yard, and even the usual window sill);
• high humidity (ideally - 70-80%);
• constant temperature at the level of 10-15 ° С in winter and 20-25 ° С in summer;
• even, but not too bright lighting (if we are talking about cultivation of experience in open areas, it is recommended to put stumps in shady areas of the yard - mushrooms should not dry out and get under direct sunlight);
• the possibility of airing (otherwise the excess carbon dioxide accumulated will not allow the mycelium to develop).

Did you know? Mushrooms are considered the largest living creatures on the globe. This theory is confirmed by the finds recorded in the states of Wisconsin and Oregon. In the first case, in 1985, local residents stumbled upon a giant white mushroom that weighed 140 kilograms. To clasp it, two adults it was necessary to hold hands. Second find - A huge Oregon mycelium, which occupied an area of ​​900 hectares and weighed several hundred tons.

Stable temperature and high humidity in the basement - ideal for growing mushrooms.

Learn how to grow mycelium at home.

Substrate Preparation

What got the mushrooms will not grow. For their successful cultivation in an artificial environment will need to prepare a special soil. As a rule, it is laid in glass jars, bags, or in special greenhouse blocks.

The substrate for the mushroom garden is prepared from 2 parts of small-sized sawdust (it can be replaced with sunflower seed husks) and 1 part shavings. All ingredients are well mixed, and then boiled in water. Then the chip-sawdust mixture is discarded into a colander and cooled.

You should have a mass with a pasty consistency. It will need to add starch, as well as cornmeal and oatmeal flour. The amount of all nutritional supplements is calculated in the ratio of 8:25:25 per kilogram of substrate. This substrate is ideal for the cultivation of honey in the banks.

If you have the opportunity to do mushrooming in greenhouse conditions, you will need to prepare a substrate block of sawdust, oats or barley, chalk or limestone. It is important to use sawdust from hardwood trees.

Video: compound substrate for cultivation of agaric in the bank, sowing

Important! Summer mushrooms are planted in the period from May to August.

All components are mixed in a certain sequence:

1. First, 200 g of dry sawdust is poured over with 2 liters of cold water and cooked over low heat for about 2 hours.
2. In the mass cooled to 25 ° C, add 70 g of oats and 1 teaspoon of chalk (or their substitutes).
3. The mixture is well mixed and packaged in plastic bags.

Learn more about inedible and edible mushrooms, how to distinguish them and what benefits the body has from agaric.

Ways

Based on the conditions of the artificial environment in which you plan to grow mushrooms, choose the appropriate method. Glass jars, greenhouses and ordinary stumps are especially popular with modern mushroom growers. It should be noted that the first method can be realized on the kitchen window, the second - in a special room, and the third - in the garden. Let us consider in more detail the cultivation technology of the mushrooms of each of them.

In the bank

The advantage of canned production of honey agarics is the uselessness of large areas, low-cost and availability of technology. It is effective only for winter varieties of mushrooms (flamulin) and is carried out as follows:

1. The prepared substrate is filled with jars by 2 thirds and compacted.
2. Then the glass container is sent for sterilization. Banks put in a large pot of boiling water and roasted over low heat for about 60 minutes. The procedure is needed to disinfect the soil. In the morning it is desirable to repeat.
3. When the tank is cool, in the substrate you need to do a groove to the bottom. For this you need a sterile wooden stick of appropriate length. This way the hole for the mycelium is obtained. Ideally, its diameter should not exceed 2 cm.
4. In the hole with a medical syringe placed mycelium.
5. The jar is closed with a nylon lid with holes and put in a warm place, where the air temperature is not higher than 24 ° C. At the same time, humidity at a level of 85-90% is important. Therefore, to ensure constant humidity cover covered with wet cotton.
6. Shoots will appear in about a month, and after 2.5 weeks after that, you can see the first mushrooms. When sprouts stretch, banks will need to be rearranged to the north window. It is desirable that the temperature in the room was at the level of 14-15 ° C.
7. The lids are removed when the mushrooms begin to reach the neck of the jar. It is important to wrap this part of the container with a strip of cardboard from the inside. This technique will help keep the mushrooms with a strong proliferation of mycelium.
8. In the measure of the development of your mushroom garden, periodically sprinkle it with water. This will help maintain the desired level of moisture.
9. Harvest need to cut legs. Their remains are pulled out. And after 14-17 days, new mushrooms.

With one three-liter cans can be collected about 1.5 kg of mushrooms.

Video: how to grow mushrooms in the bank

Important! If you spend banks on mushroom production is a pity, you can try to implement the cultivation of experiment in a pumpkin. For this, a hole is made in the fetus, where the mycelium is placed without the substrate. "Garden" put in the heat, closing the hole with plastic film. After a month it is moved to cool conditions, and after 2 weeks they harvest.

In the greenhouse

Greenhouse conditions are good for mushroom cultivation in that they allow you to always maintain a favorable microflora for mycelium growth. The method is implemented as follows:

1. The first thing you need to select a few old stumps and move into the greenhouse. If there is no such material in your household, raw wood pruning will do, which need to be folded into a bag.
2. Subsequently, the prepared half-rotten wood is watered with a liquid with mushroom spores and left until germination.
3. To accelerate the development of mycelium can be periodic irrigation stumps. Experienced mushroom growers are advised to arrange a five-minute sprinkling every hour. Begin the procedure in the afternoon and end at 17:00.
4. The first mushrooms will appear in the second half of June and will delight you until the fall.

Another way of greenhouse cultivation again is to prepare special blocks. They are constructed from bags filled with the substrate (we mentioned the methods for preparing the soil above). They make indentations and settle disputes there. And on top they tie a plastic bag.

Before tying the bag, it is necessary to build a cork of sterile cotton wool. It will protect the material from drying out. In the future, these containers fold for sprouting mycelium. This will take a month. When the surface of the substrate becomes bumpy, the polyethylene is removed and the temperature is reduced from 20 ° C to 12 ° C.

Learn how to freeze, pickle, pickle mushrooms.

On stumps

This method is implemented using mycelium or a mushroom body. The cultivation technology involves the harvesting of old, but not rotten logs. It is best to plan sowing in the middle of spring, when it is warm outside, but high humidity is maintained. Then the harvest will ripen in a year. For this you need:

1. Find a mycelium in the forest or prepare a spore mash from caps.
2. Place suitable stumps in shady parts of the yard.
3. Make small grooves on the surface of the wood and fill them with seed.
4. After sowing, the grooves are necessarily closed with wet sawdust or moss.
5. It is important to maintain high stump moisture. To do this, you can cover its side zones with polyethylene or regularly moisten the soil around it.
6. With the arrival of cold weather, the log is covered with fir branches.
7. In the spring, you need to shake the snow off the garden and watch for melt water, the excess of which may not be the best way to change the acidity of the piece environment.
8. In June the spruce leaves are removed.

Video: how to grow mushrooms on stumps When the stumps are covered with mycelium, they need to be taken out on the street and prikopat. The first harvest will ripen in a year and the stump will bear fruit until complete decay.

Important! To stimulate the growth of mycelium stumps can be brought into the cellar and covered with straw. But this method requires daily wetting of the floors and walls of the room.

It is important for novice mushroom growers to decide on the technology of cultivation of honey agaric. To do this, take into account all the conditions and characteristics of residence. Then you need to stock up on seeds - and you can start farming. We hope our advice will help you achieve stable and generous yields.

Going on a quiet hunt, it is important to know how to distinguish morels, ryadovki, parsley, greenfinchs, sandpits, mokruhi, chanterelles, poplar rows, truffles, boletus mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, white podgruzdki, boletus, mokhoviki, ceps, boletus mushrooms.

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