Apples are not just tasty fruits, they are a whole source of health. In winter, when the body needs vitamins, they come to our aid.
To keep apples at home for the winter is not only convenient, but also cost effective. And to make it very simple, the main thing is to know a few nuances.
How to keep apples for the winter fresh?
It has not long been a secret for summer residents that no matter how rich the crop is, it can be saved without loss for a long time. In terms of ripening fruits, apples divided into 3 groups: summer, autumn and winter.
Summer group includes the earliest fruits.: White filling, Malt Lauga, Grushovka Moscow, Borovinka. The storage time of these apples in the refrigerator only 2-3 weeks.
Autumn group make up: Antonovka, Anisa, Bellefle-Kitaika, Welsey, Saffron Saratovsky. For a long laying they are not suitable, because, as the duration of their storage - from 1.5 to 3 months. If you put a pack of apples of these varieties in the fridge, it will prolong their “life”, but not for long. Therefore, of them it is better to prepare jam, jam, juice, wine, etc.
But winter varieties may lie until the summer. Their distinguishing feature is the ability to continue to mature in the bed. These include: Cortland, Slavyanka, Northern synaptic Boyko, Granny, Reinette Simirenko, Reinette champagne gold grime, Pepin London, Pepin saffron, Reinette Bauman, Reinette Landsberg, Rosemary, Sarah synaptic, Calvillo snow, Kandil-synaptic and others.
It should be borne in mind that such varieties as Mlievskaya Beauty, Boyken, Glory to the winner, need a temperature of minus 1 ° C to 0 ° C degrees. Kalvil snow, Rennet simirenko, Jonathan can be stored at 1 ° C-2 ° C. Antonovka ordinary, Permen winter gold, Rennet champagne at 2 ° C - 4 ° C. Golden delights, Mantuan at minus 1 ° C to plus 4 ° C.
If you decide to stock up on your apple harvest, then for starters you need to collect them correctly, because the duration of fruit storage will depend on it.
ATTENTION!
- It is necessary to start harvesting in clear weather and during removable ripeness.
- Do not tear the tail from the fetus.
- You can not remove the natural layer of pollen from the apple.
- Tear off the fruit should be the whole palm, lifting and scrolling them with a tail.
- Start harvesting, preferably from the bottom, gradually moving to the top of the tree.
- Put the fruit in the prepared container very carefully.
It is advisable to place the fruit for a couple of weeks in a cool place. Then they need to sort out (it is better to leave those that with the stalks and without damage). Then divide the crop by grades and sizes: separately large, medium and small.
Apples continue their life processes and during laying. They breathe, emit volatile elements, evaporate moisture. But due to the fact that their spare substances (sugar, starch, acids) are consumed, the taste qualities deteriorate.
REFERENCE!To preserve the beneficial elements of apples, they must be placed immediately after removal in a cool room with temperatures ranging from plus 2 ° C to minus 2 ° C, depending on the variety.
Before filling the storage with the crop, it is necessary to disinfect, dry and ventilate the room, maintain humidity around 90% and provide ventilation.
In the industrial sphere, the storage conditions for apples are practically the same. After the goods arrive at the designated place, the cooled fruits are transferred to the storage chambers.
Where the humidity is automatically maintained at 85-90%, and the air temperature is from 0 ° C to 7 ° C.
Besides, in the storage chamber should be no more than 5% of the oxygen content. Stationary storages are terrestrial and buried. Ground-based are more convenient for operations inside a warehouse (loading, unloading goods, etc.). But they are influenced by the weather: outside air temperature, wind, etc.
Therefore, it is important to have heating and wall insulation. In-depth storages are not supplied to external influence, because one temperature is constantly maintained in them. In industry, the technique greatly facilitates the process of laying fruit, but how to save them at home?
Ways
There are several ways to store apples.
Easy styling
In the selected container (box or basket) put 2-3 layers of apples, tails up. If part of the stalk is long, you can shorten it so that it does not damage the neighboring fruits.
Wrapping paper
Each fruit should be wrapped in paper, you can use newspapers or napkins. Then put the fruit in the box, stalks up.
Overflowing
This method requires sand with an admixture, suitable sawdust, moss, leaves, ash.
Fill the bottom of the box with bulk material about 3 cm thick.
Lay out the fruit so that they do not touch, and cover with a layer of sand. So you can make 2-3 rows of apples.
In plastic bags
Fruits of the same grade fill a small package. Make 5 small holes in it and store it in a cool place (-1 ° C to + 1 ° C).
In the ground
Prepare plastic bags of apples (5 kg each). Dig a hole about 50 cm deep. Cover the bottom with spruce branches, put the bags back, cover them with branches again, and cover them with earth. In case of severe cold, cover the pit with leaves.
In containers
Place the wooden container above the floor. Place a layer of dry straw or sawdust on the bottom. Then put the apples and cover them with chips. So fill the entire tank.
Storage in boxes and boxes
For this method will suit both cardboard boxes and plastic boxes. First make a small layer of straw or sawdust, then - from apples. Or roll each fruit with paper, put it in a row, and cover with cardboard. Repeat, thus, several rows.
In thermo boxes
At the bottom of a small box, put the foam, place the apples on top, close the box and put the foam again.
Now this design should be placed in a larger box, and so that there is a distance of about 15 cm between them.
You can fill the void with sawdust, rags, pieces of the remaining foam. The final touch is to cover the stocks with a blanket.
UV treatment
Spread out the apples on the surface. Within 30 minutes, leave them under a UV lamp at a distance of 1.5 meters. For even processing fruit needs to be turned.
Drying
For this method fit summer and autumn varieties of apples. They need to be washed, dried and poured. Then cut into 5 mm slices. The drying process can take place both outdoors and in the oven or in an electric dryer. Dried apples can be stored in paper bags, cardboard boxes, the main thing is that the fruits have enough air.
Preservation
There are many recipes for canning apples. But there is one main rule: prepared banks must be scalded with boiling water. And they can be stored at room temperature.
Useful tips on how to keep apples in the bank, see the video below:
Frost
First you need to wash the fruit, then divide each into four parts and remove the core. Cover the baking sheets with polyethylene, put the slices on them and place them in the freezer. This process will last 2-3 hours at a temperature of minus 20 ° C. Then place the apples in small quantities in plastic bags or plastic containers. And send in the freezer at medium temperature.
There are many ways to store crops; everyone can choose the one that suits them best.
A photo
You can visually familiarize yourself with the methods of storing apples for the winter at home in the photo below:
Place for bed
You can build storage anywhere: in the ground, apartment, garage, basement, in the attic ... The main thing is that the place for lying is cool with an optimal temperature of 2 ° C. It is also important to have good ventilation, the humidity should be at least 80%.
In the private house the most reliable place to store apples is the cellar. But how to store apples in the winter in the cellar? To do this, you must first prepare:
- to whitewash the walls and ceiling with lime and copper sulphate (1.5 kg of lime and 150 g of copper sulphate per 10 liters of water)
- sprinkle the floor with a solution of ferrous sulfate (500g per 10 liters of water)
And how to keep apples for the winter fresh in the apartment? In a city apartment the most suitable place is a glazed balcony or loggia. But you can create the necessary conditions for the maturation and on the windowsill, and in the pantry, and in the hallway.
IMPORTANT!If there are a lot of racks in the storage, it is necessary to consider the distance between them: 15 cm from the floor and 20 cm from the top container. You can not put apples with vegetables, and products that have a pronounced smell (garlic, onions).
Apples are able to maintain their properties longer than other fruits. There are many ways and places to keep them fresh. The most important thing is to pick a variety, carefully remove the fruits from the tree without damaging them, and create the necessary conditions for storage. And in return, in the cold season, you will receive a treasure of vitamins.
